{"id":30004,"date":"2026-09-29T13:03:35","date_gmt":"2026-09-29T12:03:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.propertysurveying.co.uk\/newsletter\/?page_id=30004"},"modified":"2026-09-29T13:03:35","modified_gmt":"2026-09-29T12:03:35","slug":"rewilding-how-long-does-it-take-nature-to-fight-back-part-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.propertysurveying.co.uk\/newsletter\/?page_id=30004","title":{"rendered":"Rewilding: How Long does it Take Nature to Fight Back? Part 1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-30031\" src=\"https:\/\/www.propertysurveying.co.uk\/newsletter\/wp-content\/uploads\/Field-Gate-rural-North-Devon-banner-300x89.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"184\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.propertysurveying.co.uk\/newsletter\/wp-content\/uploads\/Field-Gate-rural-North-Devon-banner-300x89.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.propertysurveying.co.uk\/newsletter\/wp-content\/uploads\/Field-Gate-rural-North-Devon-banner-768x228.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.propertysurveying.co.uk\/newsletter\/wp-content\/uploads\/Field-Gate-rural-North-Devon-banner.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 85vw, 620px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>5 Rewilding: How long does it take Nature to Fight Back? \u00a0Part 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A couple of weeks of damp weather and the lawns are greening up nicely in the UK.\u00a0 It led us to wonder how long it would take for nature and her wild habitats to recover from development?<\/p>\n<p>Obviously, a lot depends on the type of landscape under discussion and the level of degradation.\u00a0 The most important variables are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>how severely is the land degraded?<\/li>\n<li>What surrounds it (seed sources, wildlife corridors)?<\/li>\n<li>Is the soil structure and chemistry intact?<\/li>\n<li>Are the right conditions \u2014 hydrology, grazing pressure, absence of pollution \u2014 restored?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Over the next two issues, we investigate how long it takes nature to recover.\u00a0\u00a0 We are focusing on UK-based research and evidence, appropriately, from the field.<\/p>\n<p><strong>We do not cover land that has been seriously damaged by industrial use or any major chemical contamination.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>In order, we consider:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-29935 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.propertysurveying.co.uk\/newsletter\/wp-content\/uploads\/sunlit-bracken-ferns-environment-devon-169x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"162\" height=\"287\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.propertysurveying.co.uk\/newsletter\/wp-content\/uploads\/sunlit-bracken-ferns-environment-devon-169x300.jpg 169w, https:\/\/www.propertysurveying.co.uk\/newsletter\/wp-content\/uploads\/sunlit-bracken-ferns-environment-devon-768x1364.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.propertysurveying.co.uk\/newsletter\/wp-content\/uploads\/sunlit-bracken-ferns-environment-devon.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 162px) 85vw, 162px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Arable and (lowland)<\/li>\n<li>farmland<\/li>\n<li>Heathland<\/li>\n<li>Peatlands<\/li>\n<li>Woodlands<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Next month we will look a<\/strong>t:<\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>Grassland<\/li>\n<li>Brownfield sites<\/li>\n<li>Coastal and marine environments<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>1 Arable and (lowland) Farmland<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A landmark study, the Monks Wood Wilderness Experiment, was started in 1961 when a barley field was ploughed and then left.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Within 1\u20135 years:<\/strong> Ruderal plants such as thistles, nettles <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29544 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.propertysurveying.co.uk\/newsletter\/wp-content\/uploads\/East-Chiltington-open-fields-top-of-Pinchers-Hill-300x225.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"212\" height=\"159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.propertysurveying.co.uk\/newsletter\/wp-content\/uploads\/East-Chiltington-open-fields-top-of-Pinchers-Hill-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/www.propertysurveying.co.uk\/newsletter\/wp-content\/uploads\/East-Chiltington-open-fields-top-of-Pinchers-Hill.png 373w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 212px) 85vw, 212px\" \/>and docks, and annual grasses colonised first.\u00a0 These were quickly followed by bramble and scrub elder.<\/li>\n<li><strong>10\u201315 years:<\/strong> A shrubland of thorn thickets emerged. Blackthorn and hawthorn dominated; the land looks wild but the ecology was not complex.<\/li>\n<li><strong>23 years:<\/strong> after 23 years, woody vegetation had become strong with 86% cover, the vegetation averaging 2.9 metres tall.<\/li>\n<li><strong>50\u201360 years:<\/strong> after 53 years, the Old Wilderness site had 100% woody cover averaging 13.1 metres tall, with a tree-canopy covering 91%. By this stage its structural characteristics were approaching those of neighbouring ancient woodlands.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Caveat:<\/strong> it has been shown that proximity to a seed source is hugely important. Fields adjacent to ancient woodland regenerate far faster and with much greater species diversity than isolated fields surrounded only by other farmland.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2 Heathland<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Heathland was once widespread across lowland Britain, as witnessed by the word\u2019s appearance in many place names, such as Hampstead Heath, Haywards Heath etc.\u00a0 \u00a0The impact of intensive farming has reduced this.<\/p>\n<p>Sadly, heathland is one of the most difficult habitats to restore because heather and other characteristic plants require acidic, low-nutrient soils.<\/p>\n<p>An experiment on former grassland in Dorset found that after 17 years the pH of the unamended agricultural soil remained significantly higher than that of adjacent heathland.\u00a0 Natural colonisation by heathland species was slow due to seed limitation.\u00a0 Consequently, an acid grassland rather than heathland formed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>With active restoration, heathland plant communities can begin establishing within 5\u201310 years, but true ecological maturity takes 30\u201350 years or more.<\/li>\n<li>Without active intervention in the form of soil stripping, heathland turf translocation, or seed application from nearby intact heathland, the soil chemistry simply cannot return unaided. It appears that, even over decades, a former arable field may never recover to true heathland.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3 Peatland (upland blanket bog, lowland fen and raised bog)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As gardeners know, we are desperate to preserve our peatlands and urged to buy peat-free compost.\u00a0 Peatlands have the slowest and most complex recovery of all UK land types.<\/p>\n<p>The sad fact is that currently, approximately 80% of UK peatlands have been damaged, and 87% of England&#8217;s peatlands are degraded.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Peatlands grow an average of just a millimetre each years so one metre of peat takes 1,000 years to form. In Scotland&#8217;s Flow Country, peat can be 10 metres deep \u2014 signifying 10,000 years of formation.<\/li>\n<li>Early signs of recovery can be rapid once rewetting begins: cotton grass often returns within a year of drainage being blocked, and sphagnum moss \u2014 the key indicator that a bog is functioning effectively \u2014 follows within a few years.<\/li>\n<li>But, achieving full ecological function, demonstrated by genuine carbon sequestration, stable hydrology, specialist peatland species at pre-degradation levels takes decades to centuries.<\/li>\n<li>For floating peat bog and fen, timescales of 50\u2013100 years or more are needed to restore destroyed wetland habitats.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Only 250,000 hectares of restoration has been achieved across the UK over 30 years \u2014 a fraction of what is needed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3 Woodland<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-30047 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.propertysurveying.co.uk\/newsletter\/wp-content\/uploads\/woodland-resized-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"257\" height=\"343\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.propertysurveying.co.uk\/newsletter\/wp-content\/uploads\/woodland-resized-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.propertysurveying.co.uk\/newsletter\/wp-content\/uploads\/woodland-resized-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.propertysurveying.co.uk\/newsletter\/wp-content\/uploads\/woodland-resized.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 257px) 85vw, 257px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The UK&#8217;s ancient woodland indicator species (wood anemone,\u00a0bluebell, wild garlic) are extremely slow colonisers and may never return to a plantation site naturally.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In 2-5 years, if the soil has not been too heavily<\/li>\n<li>disrupted, a cleared or felled commercial conifer plantation will begin colonising with birch, willow, and pioneer species.<\/li>\n<li>It takes 100-200 years for a native broadleaved woodland with structural complexity (standing deadwood, diverse understorey, multi-age canopy) to develop without human intervention.<\/li>\n<li><strong>An ancient woodland with unique soil fungi, invertebrate communities, and plant species, is effectively <u>irreplaceable<\/u> on any human timescale.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The sobering truth is that nature does not work to a human timeframe.\u00a0 The myriad natural wonders that form our landscape with all their miraculous complexity and diversity have evolved over millennia.\u00a0 Put into human units of years and decades, a lifetime of four score years and ten, we will not live to see nature heal the damage we do and replace the habitats we are destroying.\u00a0 And in some habitats, neither will our great-great-grandchildren.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a9<a href=\"http:\/\/www.propertysurveying.co.uk\/INDEX\/INDEX1.html\">www.PropertySurveying.co.uk<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>5 Rewilding: How long does it take Nature to Fight Back? \u00a0Part 1 A couple of weeks of damp weather and the lawns are greening up nicely in the UK.\u00a0 It led us to wonder how long it would take for nature and her wild habitats to recover from development? Obviously, a lot depends on &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.propertysurveying.co.uk\/newsletter\/?page_id=30004\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Rewilding: How Long does it Take Nature to Fight Back? Part 1&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"folder":[],"class_list":["post-30004","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rewilding: How Long does it Take Nature to Fight Back? 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